revenuehits

Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta los haitises. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta los haitises. Mostrar todas las entradas

martes, 8 de octubre de 2019

Parque Nacional Los Haitises



El Parque Los Haitises fue declarado parque nacional en República Dominicana mediante la Ley 409 del 3 de junio de 1976, aunque ya en 1968 la Ley 244 había creado una Reserva Forestal llamada Zona Vedada de Los Haitises.

El parque se encuentra situado al noreste de la República Dominicana, enmarcado en la Bahía de Samaná, de la cual forma parte.

Su límite y, por lo tanto, su superficie, de 3,600 km. El Parque nacional Los Haitises esta ubicado en los territorios del municipio de Sabana de la Mar en la Provincia de Hato Mayor, Monte Plata y Samaná. Haitises significa tierra alta o tierra de montañas, aunque el conjunto de colinas o "mogotes" tiene alturas que oscilan entre 30 y 40 metros.

Desde el punto de vista hidrográfico, Los Haitises y sus áreas de influencia comprenden dos regiones: la cuenca baja del río Yuna y la zona de Miches y Sabana de la Mar. El Yuna desagua por dos embocaduras: la del propio Yuna y la del río Barracote. Además, en el área se encuentran los ríos Payabo, Los Cocos y Naranjo, y los caños Cabirma, Estero, Prieto y otros.

A pesar de los procesos avanzados de deforestación en la zona, la pluviometría aún es de consideración y oscila entre 2000 y 2500 mm anuales, siendo una de las regiones del país de mayor pluviometría y donde más días llueve en el año.

Un aspecto importante es la formación geomorfológica cárstica que determina, entre otras cosas, un sistema de cavernas con muestras de pictografías y petroglifos como las cuevas de La Reyna, de San Gabriel y de La Línea.

La zona cárstica de Los Haitises está compuesta de cerros (mogotes) próximos unos a otros con vallecitos (fondos) entre ellas. Los mogotes del interior y los cayos de la Bahía de Samaná tienen un mismo origen, difiriendo solamente en que los fondos entre los cayos están ocupados por el agua del mar y que son menos elevados que los mogotes.

Los Haitises constituyen un karst (relieve en rocas calizas) tropical en mogotes, característico de estas zonas climáticas de la tierra. En su morfología externa presenta colinas, corredores y valles, y en su morfología interna cavidades, algunas de grandes dimensiones como las de litoral.

La formación cárstica de Los Haitises tiene una extensión de 82 km, de Sabana de la Mar hasta Cevicos, por 26 km, al sur de la Bahía de Samaná hasta Bayaguana.

lunes, 23 de mayo de 2011

Los Haitises

Los Haitises National Park

Los Haitises National Park is a national park located on the remote northeast coast of the Dominican Republic. It is a protected virgin forest with little road access. The number of tourists allowed is limited, but since 2000 it has been a relatively popular destination for ecotourism. Haitis (singular) means highland or mountain range in the Taíno language, although the elevation of the park's hills ranges from 30–40 m (98–130 ft). There is a multitude of caverns created by water erosion. Native Americans adorned these caverns with pictographs and petroglyphs. The culture or cultures which created these artworks remain unidentified, some of them possibly predating the Taínos.

The park was created by Law 409 enacted June 3, 1976. It was preceded by a Reserva Forestal (Forest Reserve) called Zona Vedada de Los Haitises (Los Haitises Prohibited Zone), created by Law 244. In 1996, it area was expanded from 208 to 826 km2 (80 to 319 sq mi) by Decree 233. Its boundary, which has been redrawn on multiple occasions, is presently uncertain. The bulk of the park is located in the municipality of Sabana de la Mar, province of Hato Mayor, while the remainder lies in the provinces of Monte Plata and Samaná. Sabana de la Mar is the site of a visitors' center.

Despite advanced deforestation, the precipitation is still considerable, ranging from 1,900–2,000 mm (75–79 in) annually. The park is near the top rank in both annual total rainfall and annual number of rainy days among sites in the Dominican Republic.

Geology

The area was formed during the Miocene epoch of the Neogene period. Geomorphologically, it is a platform karst[3] with dense clusters of conical hills of nearly uniform height (200–300 m/660–980 ft) in between which there are many sinkholes. The maximum dimensions of this platform karst block are 82 km (51 mi) east to west (from Sabana de la Mar to Cevicos) by 26 km (16 mi) north to south (from the Samaná Bay to Bayaguana). The hills of the interior have the same origin as the islets of the Samaná Bay. There is a multitude of caverns.

Hydrographically, Los Haitises spans portions of two basins: in its western half, the lower basin of the Yuna River; and in its eastern half, a zone spanning Miches and Sabana de la Mar. The Yuna drains through two mouths: its own and that of the Barracote River. In addition to these two rivers, the park is traversed by the Payabo River, the Los Cocos River, the Naranjo River, and numerous natural channels[4] including the Cabirma, Estero, and Prieto.

Flora

Los Haitises has two Holdridge life zones: humid subtropical forest (Bh-S) and very humid subtropical forest (Bmh-S). Broadleaf species in the park include "musk wood"[5][6] (Guarea guidonia, locally cabirma santa), cigar-box cedar (Cedrela odorata), ceiba (Ceiba pentandra), West Indian mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni, Spanish caoba), cupey[7] (Clusia rosea), and grandleaf seagrape (Coccoloba pubescens). There are many species of orchids. Los Haitises contains the greatest abundance of Caribbean mangrove, in which species like red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) and white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa) predominate.

Fauna

La fauna of Los Haitises is of great variety, and due to the park's diversity of physical geographic zones, it boasts the greatest representativity of fauna among the protected natural areas in the country. Two endemic mammal species, the Hispaniolan Hutia (Plagiodontia aedium) and the Hispaniolan Solenodon (Solenodon paradoxus), are threatened with extinction.

Being a coastal and marine park, it contains an unparalleled variety of birds, including most of the species endemic to the country. These include the brown pelican or alcatraz (Pelecanus occidentalis), magnificent frigatbird (Fregata magnificens), Hispaniolan amazon (Amazona ventralis), barn owl (Tyto alba), and Stygian owl (Asio stygius). Some of the bird species found in Los Haitises are not found elsewhere within the Dominican Republic.

Landscapes

Los Haitises National Park contains spectacular landscapes like the San Lorenzo Bay, the islets (keys), and the mangroves. The Cayo de los Pájaros ("bird key"), which is conspicuous for the virtually continuous presence of frigatebirds and pelicans circling low overhead, sits between the Boca del Infierno ("Mouth of Hell") and El Naranjo Arriba. Cupey is the dominant tree species and birds fill its horizontal branches. The wild banyantree (Ficus citrifolia,[8] also known as shortleaf fig) and tropical almond (Terminalia catappa) are the other park trees.
Most visitors arrive by sea embarking from Sabana de la Mar (east end), Sánchez (north end), or Samaná (across Samaná Bay from Sabana de la Mar); however, it is possible to arrive by land from the south using four wheel drive vehicles. A private highway is being constructed through the mountains and a new airport has been built in the city of Samaná to provide better access. The main economic activities in Monte Plata Province are cattle ranching and sugarcane farming. Tourists will find a large number of roads for sugarcane transport.